Um framework de MMORPG : desenvolvimento orientado pela arquitetura

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Curso de Engenharia de Software, 2013.Os MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games) são jogos de computadores que suportam centenas ou milhares de jogadores simultaneamente que controlam um ou mais personagens, interagindo com o ambiente do jogo, completando missões, manipulando objetos do mundo virtual, conversando com outros personagens e combatendo monstros. Este gênero possui a sua jogabilidade como fator crítico para o sucesso, que é significativamente influenciada pela performance dos servidores. Os MMORPGs têm aumentado a sua expressão no mercado de jogos nos últimos anos, entretanto observa-se uma lacuna ferramental que favoreça o reúso no momento da implementação de jogos dessa natureza. Por meio do estudo dos problemas enfrentados no desenvolvimento de novos jogos MMORPGs e do levantamento de requisitos para este tipo de sistema, este trabalho de conclusão de curso apresenta uma proposta de um framework que implementa características essenciais de uma arquitetura de software voltada para MMORPG, com o intuito atenuar essa lacuna. ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games) are computer games that supports hundreds or thousands of concurrent players con- trolling one or more characters, interacting with the game environment, completing missions, manipulating objects in the virtual world, talking with other players and fighting monsters. This genre has the gameplay as a critical factor for the success, which is significantly influenced by the performance of the servers. MMORPGs have increased its expression in the gaming market in recent years, however, there is a gap tooling that promotes reuse at the time of implementation of such games. Through the study of the problems faced in developing new games of MMORPGs and gathering requirements for this type of system, this work presents a proposal for a framework that implements the essential features of a software architecture oriented to MMORPG in order to mitigate this gap

Reconnecting nature and agricultural production : mixed cropping systems as a way forward sustainable intensification

In the last decades, population growth worldwide boosts agricultural demand for food production. This huge driver rendered global food production more and more specialized, so agricultural landscapes became uniform and monotonic. The loss of diversity is a strong evidence of how modern agricultural landscapes have been disconnecting from nature. Evidence of environmental side- effects from this pathway are abundant in literature. Now, society is pressing towards changing practices aiming for healthy diets and sustainable food production systems. This raises the question: how to reconnect nature and agriculture in the context of future food production? In this review we propose a reconnection process based on the principles of ecological intensification or sustainable intensification. The integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are the most consolidated technological pathway to reconcile crop production with natural processes. These systems are diverse and can partially mimic natural ecosystems exploring the synergies of natural biological processes, while achieving high levels of food production. ICLS promote soil improvements and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reducing the agricultural share of global warming and climate change. Besides, these systems are more efficient in the use of nutrients and can optimize the use of other inputs such as pesticides. We present evidence of soil health and biogeochemical cycle restoration in addition to system stability improvement, and assume those symptoms as evidence of mixing crops and livestock fostering reconnection with natural processes

Hallazgos microscópicos del tejido pulmonar y los músculos respiratorios en la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC): Microscopic findings of lung tissue and respiratory muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the diaphragm and sternocleidomastoid respiratory muscles (ECOM) work against increased mechanical loads due to limited air flow and changes in chest conformation due to the condition of pulmonary hyperinflation. Objective: To evaluate the histopathological changes present in the lungs and respiratory muscles (diaphragm and ECOM) of the corpses affected by COPD. Materials and methods: This is a blind and descriptive study with analysis of histological images of biopsy. The history of smoking associated with the presence of pulmonary anthracosis, septal thickening and emphysematous bullae included the inclusion criteria of the study. The study was conducted by optical microscopic analysis of histological sheets obtained from 36 corpses with COPD. The histopathological diagnosis was made by a pathologist who did not know the objectives of the study. Results: In the diaphragm, there was the presence of interposed adipose tissue, muscle atrophy, removal of muscle fibers and fibrosis. In ECOM, the elimination of muscle fibers, muscular atrophy, interposed adipose tissue, muscle hypertrophy and thickening of the tendons were also evident. Conclusions: The changes found in the diaphragm and ECOM muscle biopsies of the bodies with COPD were evidenced as a mechanism of compensation and / or dysfunction of the respiratory system due to biomechanical alterations promoted by the disease.Introducción: En la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), el diafragma y los músculos respiratorios esternocleidomastoideos (ECOM) funcionan contra el aumento de las cargas mecánicas debido a la limitación del flujo de aire y los cambios en la conformación del tórax debido a la condición de hiperinflación pulmonar. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios histopatológicos presentes en los pulmones y los músculos respiratorios (diafragma y ECOM) de los cadáveres con Diagnostico  de EPOC. El Estudio: Este es un estudio ciego y descriptivo con análisis de imágenes histológicas de biopsia. El historial de tabaquismo asociado con la presencia de antracosis pulmonar, engrosamiento septal y bullas enfisematosas comprendió los criterios de inclusión del estudio. La muestra consistió en biopsias de pulmón, diafragma y ECOM. El estudio se realizó mediante análisis microscópico óptico de lâminas histológicas obtenidas de 36 cadáveres con EPOC. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue realizado por un patólogo que desconocía los objetivos del estudio. Hallazgos: En el diafragma, hubo la presencia de tejido adiposo interpuesto, atrofia muscular, eliminación de las fibras musculares y fibrosis. En el ECOM, también se evidenció la eliminación de las fibras musculares, la atrofia muscular, el tejido adiposo interpuesto, la hipertrofia muscular y el engrosamiento de los tendones. Conclusiones: Los cambios encontrados en las biopsias musculares de diafragma y ECOM de los cadáveres con EPOC se evidenciaron como un mecanismo de compensación y/o disfunción del sistema respiratorio debido a alteraciones biomecánicas promovidas por la enfermedad

Estudio histopatológico comparativo del nervio frénico proveniente de cadáveres con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y sin esta condición: Comparative histopathological study of the phrenic nerve from corpses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and without this condition

Introduction: Functional changes resulting from the evolution of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are progressive and irreversible, causing increased diaphragm work due to pulmonary hyperinflation and airway obstruction. Phrenic nerves have promoted innervation of the diaphragm and may have been compromised in COPD condition. Objective: To compare the morphology of the phrenic nerves of the cadavers with COPD and without COPD by optical microscopy. Materials and methods: An exploratory descriptive studio conducted on the Death Verification Service in Alagoas. Pulmonary and phrenic nerve biopsies will be bilaterally taken from the cadavers after a necropsy with the diagnosis of COPD. Tissue samples were fixed and processed by conventional histology for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histological slides. Biopsies are divided into experimental groups, one composed by patients with COPD and the other with patients without COPD (control - CTR). This classification was realized after the histological analysis, when typical halls of COPD were found. Histological slides were analyzed by optical microscopy by a pathologist, who was able to assess the study. Results: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, if it includes 38 cadavers in the initial evaluation, of which 31 are included in the COPD group and 7 in the CTR group. In the analysis of the phrenic nerves, 8 cadavers, 25.8%, of the COPD group had histopathological changes: perineural edema (75%, n=6), nervous atrophy (12.5%, n=1) and perineural eosinophilic infiltrate (12.5%, n=1). The CTR group does not present histopathological alterations of the phrenic nerves. Conclusions: Given the hallmarks of the biopsies performed on the phrenic nerves of the corpses with COPD, we can infer that there is a tendency for nerve alteration, with perineural edema, to be the major modification found.Introducción: Los cambios funcionales resultantes de la evolución de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) son progresivos e irreversibles, lo que provoca un aumento del trabajo del diafragma debido a la hiperinflación. Los nervios frénicos promueven la inervación del diafragma y pueden verse comprometidos en la condición de EPOC. Objetivo: Comparar la morfología de los nervios frénicos de los cadáveres con y sin EPOC, mediante microscopía óptica. El Estudio: Estudio descriptivo en el que las muestras de los pulmones y los nervios frénicos bilateralmente de los cadáveres con y sin diagnóstico de EPOC. Las muestras de tejido fueron fijadas y procesaron por histología convencional para laminas histológicas teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina. Las muestras fueron compuestas por pacientes con EPOC (EPOC) y sin EPOC (CTR). Esta clasificación se realizó después del análisis histológico. Las láminas histológicas se analizaron mediante microscopía óptica por un patólogo, que fue un evaluador que no conocía datos del estudio. Resultados: De acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión del estudio, se incluyeron 31 cadáveres en el grupo de EPOC y 7 cadáveres en el grupo CTR. En el análisis de los nervios frénicos, 8 cadáveres, es decir, 25.8%, del grupo de EPOC tuvieron cambios histopatológicos: edema perineural (75%, n=6), atrofia nerviosa (12.5%, n=1) e infiltrado eosinofílico perineural (12.5%, n=1). Conclusiones: Los nervios frénicos de los cadáveres con EPOC tienen tendencia a alteraciones histopatológicas, siendo el edema perineural la principal modificación encontrada

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

Sem informação113478788

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep from Federal District, central region of Brazil

Serum samples from 1028 sheep were collected from 32 herds within Federal District, in the central region of Brazil. The samples were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using sera diluted 1:64 and 1:50 as cut-off values for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, respectively. The observed prevalence for T. gondii infection was 38.22% (26.81%< CI 0.95 < 49.62%), and the titers ranged from 64 to 65536. The observed prevalence for N. caninum infection was 8.81% (7.08%< CI 0.95 < 10.53%). The titers ranged from 50 to 51200. The reactant sera to both pathogens corresponded to 4.67% of the samples. The risk factors were not determined because of the absence of negative herds for T. gondii and the high proportion of positive herds for N. caninum (87.50%). The prevalence for T. gondii infection was significantly higher among males than in females. The present work is the first report on seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in sheep from Federal District and shows that infection by both parasites is widespread in the ovine population from this region.FAPES

Mayaro virus induction of oxidative stress is associated with liver pathology in a non-lethal mouse model.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes Mayaro fever in humans, a self-limiting acute disease, with persistent arthralgia and arthritis. Although MAYV has a remerging potential, its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we characterized a model of MAYV infection in 3?4-week BALB/c mice. We investigated whether the liver acts as a site of viral replication and if the infection could cause histopathological alterations and an imbalance in redox homeostasis, culminating with oxidative stress. MAYV-infected mice revealed lower weight gain; however, the disease was self-resolving. High virus titre, neutralizing antibodies, and increased levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were detected in the serum. Infectious viral particles were recovered in the liver of infected animals and the histological examination of liver tissues revealed significant increase in the inflammatory infiltrate. MAYV induced significant oxidative stress in the liver of infected animals, as well as a deregulation of enzymatic antioxidant components. Collectively, this is the first study to report that oxidative stress occurs in MAYV infection in vivo, and that it may be crucial in virus pathogenesis. Future studies are warranted to address the alternative therapeutic strategies for Mayaro fever, such as those based on antioxidant compounds